Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Ho Sung Park

24 Articles

In Situ Follicular Lymphoma Developed after Hodgkin Lymphoma.: Ho Sung Park, Sang Jae Noh, Jae Yong Kwak, Eun Kee Song, Myung Hee Sohn, Ho Lee, Woo Sung Moon, Kyu Yun Jang; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45:S53-S57.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.S1.S53

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Abstract PDF: In situ follicular lymphoma is a newly defined entity among the lymphoid neoplasms and is defined as architecturally normal-appearing lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues that have one or more follicles that demonstrate bcl-2 overexpressing centrocytes and centroblasts, with or without a monomorphic cytologic appearance suggestive of follicular lymphoma. Here we present a case of in situ follicular lymphoma diagnosed during the follow-up after a complete response to the treatment of lymphocyte-rich classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. In our case, because only a few germinal centers contained bcl-2 overexpressing cells, we missed the diagnosis of in situ follicular lymphoma in the initial histological examination. We could establish the diagnosis only after performing bcl-2 immunostaining in the sequential biopsy. Therefore, we recommend that careful histological examination along with bcl-2 immunostaining is needed in patients with suspicious clinical findings.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Gastric Glomus Tumor: A Case Report.: Dong Geun Lee, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Ho Sung Park; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(4):448-452.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.4.448

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Glomus tumors of the stomach are rare and are usually found as a solitary, intramural lesion. Here, we report a case of a gastric glomus tumor in a 60-year-old woman diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a 4 x 3 cm-sized, round, isoechoic mass at the fourth layer of the gastric wall. Smears revealed cohesive clusters of small, uniform, round to polygonal cells with scant cytoplasm and round, hyperchromatic nuclei with homogeneous chromatin. Immunocytochemistry by liquid-based cytology was positive for smooth muscle actin. The cytologic diagnosis of a glomus tumor was confirmed by a specimen from the laparoscopic resection. Although the cytologic features of glomus tumors are quite distinctive, an immunocytochemical stain from a liquid-based cytology preparation can further help to ascertain the diagnosis.

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Glomus Tumor of the Stomach: A Systematic Review and Illustrative Case Report
Andrea Pansa, Laura Samà, Laura Ruspi, Federico Sicoli, Ferdinando Carlo Maria Cananzi, Vittorio Quagliuolo
Digestive Diseases.2023; 41(1): 17. CrossRef
Cytologic analysis of a glomus tumor in the left second toe: Case report
Jay Hwang, Susan McDowell, Bradley Cole, Aaron Huber, Maria Cecilia D. Reyes
Diagnostic Cytopathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Quality Control Program for Fresh Frozen Tissue and Its Results of Chonbuk National University Hospital National Biobank of Korea.: Shin Young Park, Hyun Ah Baek, Hyoung Jong Kwak, Sang Hyun Hong, Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Ja Chung; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):295-301.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.295

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Molecular tools for tissue profiling generally require collection of fresh frozen tissues (FFT) as sources of high-quality DNA and RNA. Nowadays, researchers carry out large-scale, multi-center studies and they request inter-institutional minimal intrinsic bias, some fundamental similarities, and the same standardized and validated procedures.
METHODS
This study reports standardized quality control procedure for fresh frozen tissue of the National Biobank of Korea.
RESULTS
The main procedures for quality control for FFT are as follows: records related to sample collection such as labeling of samples, transport temperature, lag time from excision of tissue to freezing, and sample size were reviewed for all fresh frozen samples. The stability of RNA and DNA in fresh frozen tissue was evaluated for 3% of collected samples and purity was assessed (ratio of the absorbance at 260 and 280 nm) as was integrity (agarose gel electrophoresis). Stained hematoxylin and eosin sections were reviewed by a pathologist to confirm the diagnosis and to assess how representative the frozen sample was.
CONCLUSIONS
We introduced that the quality-control criteria for fresh frozen tissue of the NBK. We expect that this study contributes to standardization of collection, storage, and quality control of fresh frozen tissue.

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Influence of Cold Ischemia Time and Storage Period on DNA Quality and Biomarker Research in Biobanked Colorectal Cancer Tissues
Min Gyoung Pak, Mee Sook Roh
Kosin Medical Journal.2020; 35(1): 26. CrossRef

The Prognostic Significance of the Tumor-Infiltrating FoxP3-Positive Regulatory T Cells in Gastric Carcinoma.: Sang Jae Noh, Shin Young Park, Kyung Ryoul Kim, Chan Young Kim, Keun Sang Kwon, Ho Sung Park, Ho Lee, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Kyu Yun Jang; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(1):9-15.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.1.9

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to be key regulators of immune responses in patients with autoimmune disease and infection and also for attenuating antitumor immunity by the host. It has been reported that high numbers of tumor-infiltrating Tregs might be associated with poor clinical outcomes for several malignant tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of tumor-infiltrating Tregs on the prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients.
METHODS
The immunohistochemical staining for anti-fork head Box P3 (FoxP3) antibody was performed by using a 3 mm core from the tumor specimens of each of the 173 gastric cancer patients for constructing a tissue microarray. FoxP3-positive Tregs were quantified by calculating the numbers of positive cells per 5 high-power fields on light microscopy. Thereafter, the 173 patients were subdivided into the low Tregs group (< or = 3/5 high power fields [HPF], n = 41) and the high Tregs group (> 3/5 HPF, n = 132).
RESULTS
The high Tregs group was significantly associated with a higher stage, more invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009, p = 0.036, p = 0.006, respectively). The high Tregs group showed significantly poorer overall survival and event-free survival (p = 0.004, p = 0.017, respectively) on the univariate analysis. The Tregs group and the tumor, node and metastasis stage were also independent prognostic factors that were significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.025, p < 0.001, respectively) by multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicated that a high number of tumor-infiltrating FoxP3-positive Tregs could be an indicator of poor long term survival for gastric carcinoma patients.

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Tumor-infiltrating PD1-Positive Lymphocytes and FoxP3-Positive Regulatory T Cells Predict Distant Metastatic Relapse and Survival of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Myoung Jae Kang, Kyoung Min Kim, Jun Sang Bae, Ho Sung Park, Ho Lee, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Dong Geun Lee, Kyu Yun Jang
Translational Oncology.2013; 6(3): 282. CrossRef
Significance of Foxp3 Positive Regulatory T Cell and Tumor Infiltrating T Lymphocyte in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Hanna Kang, Harin Cheong, Min Sun Cho, Heasoo Koo, Woon Sup Han, Kyung Eun Lee, Byung In Moon, Sun Hee Sung
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(1): 53. CrossRef

Expression and Prognostic Significance of Serum Response Factor in Cholangiocarcinoma.: Shin Young Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Yo Na Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Ho Sung Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Hee Chul Yu, Baik Hwan Cho, Kyoung Ryul Kim, Woo Sung Moon; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(6):517-522.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.6.517

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation for several types of cells. The expression of SRF in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and its potential role has not been examined. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of SRF in CC and the clinicopathological parameters, as well as patient survival.
METHODS
We analyzed the expression of SRF in 84 surgically resected cases of CC (33 cases of intrahepatic CC [ICC] and 51 cases of extrahepatic CC [ECC]) by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The positive expression of SRF was detected in 48.8% of the cases of CC (42.4% in ICC, 52.9% in ECC). SRF was predominantly expressed in the CC cells with intense labeling in the nucleus. A SRF expression was significantly associated with the cell proliferation rate (Ki-67 labeling index, p=0.046) and poor patient survival (p=0.002). The tumor differentiation (p=0.038), the T category (p<0.001), lymph node and distant metastasis (p<0.001, p=0.009) and nerve and vessel invasion (p=0.010, p=0.012) were also found to be significantly associated with a poor CC prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the SRF may play a role in the tumor cell proliferation of CC, and its expression in tumor cells can provide additional prognostic information.

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Serum response factor induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition with resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
JUN SANG BAE, SANG JAE NOH, KYOUNG MIN KIM, KYU YUN JANG, MYOUNG JA CHUNG, DAE GOHN KIM, WOO SUNG MOON
International Journal of Oncology.2014; 44(1): 129. CrossRef
Clinicopathologic significance of serum response factor expression in colorectal adenocarcinomas
Se Min Jang, Young Jin Jun, Hulin Han, Kang Hong Lee, Ki-Seok Jang, Seung Sam Paik
Basic and Applied Pathology.2011; 4(2): 46. CrossRef

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Cervical Human Papillomavirus DNA in Korean Women: A Multicenter Study.: Sung Ran Hong, In Sun Kim, Dong Won Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Ae Ree Kim, Young Ok Kim, Hye Sun Kim, Seo Hee Rha, Gyeong Sin Park, Yong Koo Park, Yong Wook Park, Ho Sung Park, Kwang Sun Suh, Jin Hee Sohn, Mi Kyung Shin, Hoon Kyu Oh, Ki Jung Yun, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Shi Nae Lee, Ah Won Lee, Hyo Jin Lee, Hyun Yee Cho, Chan Choi, Woon Won Jung; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(4):342-350.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.4.342

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Background
DNA prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) varies geographically. We investigated HPV prevalence and type distribution in Korean women using the MyHPV DNA chip testing. Methods: A total of 2,368 women from five regions of the country underwent Pap smear examination and MyHPV chip testing. Results: Overall HPV positivity was 15.8% and 78.4% in women with normal and abnormal cytology, respectively. High-risk HPV infection was strongly correlated with cytological atypia. In women with abnormal cytology, the five most common HPV types were 16, 58, 18, 52, and 56/53, and HPV16 was significantly the most common type in most geographical regions. After HPV16, HPV58, and 52 were the next most frequently detected types. Women with normal cytology, in contrast, showed heterogeneity in HPV type distribution. High-grade intraepithelial lesions infected with HPV16, 18, 31 or 45 are more likely to progress to carcinoma. Conclusions: The HPV chip test can provide useful data regarding HPV positivity and type. The most common HPV type in Korean women with abnormal cytology is HPV16, with HPV58 and 52 being frequently present. Our data may have important implications for vaccination programs and the development of cervical screening.

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HPV genotyping by L1 amplicon sequencing of archived invasive cervical cancer samples: a pilot study
Charles D. Warden, Preetam Cholli, Hanjun Qin, Chao Guo, Yafan Wang, Chetan Kancharla, Angelique M. Russell, Sylvana Salvatierra, Lorraine Z. Mutsvunguma, Kerin K. Higa, Xiwei Wu, Sharon Wilczynski, Raju Pillai, Javier Gordon Ogembo
Infectious Agents and Cancer.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhanced disease progression due to persistent HPV-16/58 infections in Korean women: a systematic review and the Korea HPV cohort study
Jaehyun Seong, Sangmi Ryou, JeongGyu Lee, Myeongsu Yoo, Sooyoung Hur, Byeong-Sun Choi
Virology Journal.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of FFPE histological versus LBP cytological samples for HPV detection and typing in cervical cancer
Geehyuk Kim, Hyemi Cho, Dongsup Lee, Sunyoung Park, Jiyoung Lee, Hye-young Wang, Sunghyun Kim, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
Experimental and Molecular Pathology.2017; 102(2): 321. CrossRef
Distribution of Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genotypes at High Grade Cervical Lesions above CIN 2 Grade with Histological Diagnosis
Geehyuk Kim, Sungyoung Park, Hye-young Wang, Sunghyun Kim, Sangjung Park, Kwangmin Yu, Boohyung Lee, Seung-Ju Ahn, Eun-Joong Kim, Dongsup Lee
Biomedical Science Letters.2016; 22(2): 37. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Genotype Distribution in Normal and ASCUS Specimens: Comparison of a Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay with a DNA Chip Test
Sunghyun Kim, In-soo Lee, Dongsup Lee
Biomedical Science Letters.2015; 21(1): 32. CrossRef
Genotype Analysis of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Accordance with Cytological Diagnoses
Mi-Suk Park, Hyun-Wook Cho, Jin-Gak Kim, Nan-Young Bae, Dong-Sun Oh, Ho-Hyun Park
Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science.2015; 47(1): 39. CrossRef
Comparison of the Cobas 4800 HPV and HPV 9G DNA Chip Tests for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Specimens of Women with Consecutive Positive HPV Tests But Negative Pap Smears
Sun-Young Jun, Eun Su Park, Jiyoung Kim, Jun Kang, Jae Jun Lee, Yoonjin Bae, Sang-Il Kim, Lee-So Maeng, Magdalena Grce
PLOS ONE.2015; 10(10): e0140336. CrossRef
Uncommon and Rare Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Relating to Cervical Carcinomas
Na Rae Kim, Myunghee Kang, Soon Pyo Lee, Hyunchul Kim, Jungsuk An, Dong Hae Chung, Seung Yeon Ha, Hyun Yee Cho
Korean Journal of Pathology.2014; 48(1): 43. CrossRef
Evaluation of Human Papillomavirus Genotyping from Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Specimens in Cervical Cancers
Hyunwoo Jin
Journal of Life Science.2014; 24(9): 1025. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of the HPV28 Detection and HPV DNA Chip Test for Detecting and Genotyping Human Papillomaviruses
Eunsim Shin, Heojin Bae, Wan-Keun Song, Sun-Kyung Jung, Yoo-Sung Hwang
Laboratory Medicine Online.2013; 3(4): 234. CrossRef
Significance of HPV-58 Infection in Women Who Are HPV-Positive, Cytology-Negative and Living in a Country with a High Prevalence of HPV-58 Infection
Joon Seon Song, Eun Ju Kim, Jene Choi, Gyungyub Gong, Chang Ohk Sung, Robert D. Burk
PLoS ONE.2013; 8(3): e58678. CrossRef
REBA HPV‐ID® for efficient genotyping of human papillomavirus in clinical samples from Korean patients
Sunghyun Kim, Dongsup Lee, Sangjung Park, Tae Ue Kim, Bo‐Young Jeon, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
Journal of Medical Virology.2012; 84(8): 1248. CrossRef
Dynamin 2 expression as a biomarker in grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Yoo-Young Lee, Sang Yong Song, In-Gu Do, Tae-Joong Kim, Byoung-Gie Kim, Jeong-Won Lee, Duk-Soo Bae
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2012; 164(2): 180. CrossRef
Cytomorphologic Features According to HPV DNA Type in Histologically Proven Cases of the Uterine Cervix
In Ho Choi, So-Young Jin, Dong Wha Lee, Dong Won Kim, Yoon Mi Jeen
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(6): 612. CrossRef
Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Gangwon Province Using Reverse Blot Hybridization Assay
Dongsup Lee, Sunghyun Kim, Sangjung Park, Hyunwoo Jin, Tae Ue Kim, Kwang Hwa Park, Hyeyoung Lee
The Korean Journal of Pathology.2011; 45(4): 348. CrossRef
Pediatric vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in a liver transplantation recipient: a case report
Na-Rae Kim, Soyi Lim, Hyun Yee Cho
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2011; 22(3): 207. CrossRef

The Expressions of Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptor p75NGFR in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Their Relation with the Clinicopathologic Factors.: Woo Sung Moon, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Ho Lee, Ho Sung Park; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(2):145-151.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.2.145

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been suggested to participate in tumor progression and it can interact with its receptor p75NGFR. In the present study, we investigated the expressions of NGF and p75NGFR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS
We performed immunohistochemistry for NGF, p75NGFR and PCNA in 45 cases of HCCs, and examined the relationships between the clinicopathologic factors and the immunohistochemical results.
RESULTS
NGF was detected in 84.4% (38/45) of the tumor cells and in 64.4% (29/45) of the non-tumorous hepatocytes. Furthermore, a NGF expression was present in 28.9% (13/45) of the endothelial cells in the HCCs, but in 80% (36/45) of the endothelial cells in the non-tumor liver tissue. The tumor cells were negative for p75NGFR in all the HCCs. Although a p75NGFR expression was present in all the nerve fibers in the non-tumor liver tissues, it was markedly reduced (42.2%; 19/45) in the HCCs and a p75NGFR expression was observed at the sinusoids or around the large vessels. The HCCs expressing NGF, either in the tumor cells or the endothelial cells, showed a larger size than those HCCs that didn't express NGF. The NGF positive tumors showed a tendency toward a higher PCNA-labeling index than did the negative tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
The changed localization of the NGF expression and the decreased expression of p75NGFR are associated with hepatic carcinogenesis. We suggest that a NGF expression may contribute to the progression of HCC.

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Expression of nerve growth factor and heme oxygenase-1 predict poor survival of breast carcinoma patients
Sang Jae Noh, Jun Sang Bae, Urangoo Jamiyandorj, Ho Sung Park, Keun Sang Kwon, Sung Hoo Jung, Hyun Jo Youn, Ho Lee, Byung-Hyun Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Kyu Yun Jang
BMC Cancer.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

Intraosseous Neurilemmoma of the Mandible: A Case Report.: Kyu Yun Jang, Woo Sung Moon, Ho Sung Park; Korean J Pathol. 2009;43(1):88-91.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2009.43.1.88

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Abstract PDF

Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma) is a benign nerve sheath tumor that's composed entirely of well-differentiated Schwann cells. Intraosseous neurilemmomas are rare and they represent less than 1% of all benign primary bone tumors. We report here on an additional case of intraosseous neurilemmoma that was located in the mandible of a 77-year-old woman. CT revealed an expansile, well-defined lesion on the right side of the mandibular body with thinning of the cortex. The lesion was surgically removed and it was found to be a 2x1.7 cm-sized, bright yellowish, hard mass with hemorrhage and cyst formation. Histologically, the mass was a moderately cellular neoplasm and it showed distinct nuclear palisading, numerous Verocay bodies and tumor cells that were positively immunohistostained for S-100 protein. Two months after the operation, the patient has remained in a good condition with no signs or symptoms of tumor recurrence.

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Imaging Features of Intraosseous Schwannoma: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Firoozeh Shomal Zadeh, Arash Azhideh, Jose G. Mantilla, Vijaya Kosaraju, Nitin Venugopal, Cree M. Gaskin, Atefe Pooyan, Ehsan Alipour, Majid Chalian
Diagnostics.2023; 13(9): 1610. CrossRef
Gnathic Schwannomas: A Report of Two Cases and Systematic Review of the Literature
Alberto Jose Peraza Labrador, Luciano Hermios Matos Valdez, Nestor Ricardo Gonzalez Marin, Karem Annelise Rodriguez Ibazetta, Marcelo Villacis, Joan Lopez Chacon, Hebert Ochoa Huaman, Harold Cuzcano Pariahuamán, Hosting Barría Angulo, Victoria Woo
Head and Neck Pathology.2023; 17(4): 984. CrossRef
Intraosseous schwannoma of the humerus: a rarity yet warrants consideration
Jagannath Kamath, Harshit Bhaskar Shetty, Arkesh Madegowda, Anusha S Bhatt
BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(9): e240007. CrossRef
Intraosseous Schwannoma of the Jaws: An Updated Review of the Literature and Report of 2 New Cases Affecting the Mandible
Dru Perkins, Tudor I. Stiharu, James Q. Swift, Tran Volong Dao, Gisele N. Mainville
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.2018; 76(6): 1226. CrossRef

Expression of Claudin-1, p53 and E-cadherin in Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck.: Keum Ha Choi, Jae Hong Lim, Ju Hyung Lee, Keun Sang Kwon, Ho Lee, Ho Sung Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Jae Soon Eun, Dong Geun Lee, Kyu Yun Jang; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(5):287-293.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a reactive proliferation of surface epithelium and can be confused with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in head and neck biopsy specimens. To distinguish PEH from invasive SCC, immunohistochemical staining for claudin-1, E-cadherin and p53 was performed. METHODS: Eighteen cases of PEH and 29 invasive SCC from head and neck lesions were immunostained and examined. RESULTS: The invasive SCC showed increased staining of claudin-1 (p<0.001) and p53 (p<0.001) and decreased staining of E-cadherin (p=0.005) compared to the PEH specimens. The combined score calculated by adding the positive sum of claudin-1 and p53 and subtracting E-cadherin was useful for the differentiation of SCC from PEH (89.7% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The combined immunostaining for claudin-1, p53 and E-cadherin may help differentiate PEH from invasive SCC. The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of claudin-1 and p53 and the decreased expression of E-cadherin maybe markers for the aggressive growth of invasive SCC.

Correlation of the Nuclear beta-catenin Expression with the Clinicopathological Parameters of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.: Hyoung Jong Kwak, Ha Na Choi, Sung Ho Hwang, Keum Ha Choi, Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Woo Sung Moon; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(4):208-214.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the human liver. However, the molecular changes and mechanisms that regulate the development and progression of HCC remain unclear. Beta-catenin is known as a multi-functional protein that acts as a regulator of the cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion system and also in the Wingless/Wnt signal transduction pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of beta-catenin and its possible role in HCC.
METHODS
We investigated the expression of beta-catenin, Ki-67, TP53, alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD34 by performing immunohistochemical staining for 61 specimens of HCC and their adjacent non-tumorous tissue. We also examined the relationship between the nuclear expression of beta-catenin and the clinicopathologic parameters.
RESULTS
The altered expression of beta-catenin was not detected in the nontumorous liver tissue. The nuclear expression of beta-catenin was observed in approximately 16% (10/61) of the HCC specimens. Double immunohistochemical staining for beta-catenin and E-cadherin showed a close relationship between nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and the loss of the membranous E-cadherin expression. Significant correlation was found between the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and the tumor size, tumor necrosis and the presence of microvessel invasion and intrahepatic metastasis (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This data indicates that nuclear translocation of beta-catenin could play a role in the growth and progression of HCC.

Actinomycosis of the Penile Shaft Coexisting with Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Testis.: Eun Jung Cha, Kyu Yun Jang, Ho Sung Park, Jong Kwan Park, Chang Seop Lee, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(1):50-53.

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Abstract PDF: Here, we present an uncommon case of the penile shaft actinomycosis with coexisting fibrous pseudotumors of the testis. A 37-year-old, circumcised man presented with one penile and eight scrotal masses. The penile mass having a healed surface ulceration was located at the right side of the penile shaft. It was relatively circumscribed without a fibrous capsule. The cut surface showed a yellow-brown color with central focal necrosis. The scrotal tumors were circumscribed, whorled, white masses 0.3-2.0 cm in diameters, and were attached to the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea. Microscopically, the penile mass showed active inflammatory changes containing actinomyces displaying characteristic sulfur granules. Testicular masses were fibrous pseudotumors composed of bland spindle and stellate cells lying in dense collagenous stroma. Actinomycosis of the penis has been reported to occur at the corona of the uncircumcised penis associated with pilonidal sinus. The present case was not associated with pilonidal sinus and, unusually, displayed co-existence with fibrous pseudotumors of the testis.

Synergistic Apoptotic Effect of Combination Treatment with Troglitazone and COX-2 Inhibitor in Glioma Cells.: Kyung Ryoul Kim, Min Young Park, Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Woo Sung Moon, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(1):1-6.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The use of troglitazone (a PPARgamma ligand) and COX-2 inhibitor have been intensively studied for inhibition of tumor growth in cancer treatment, but the anti-tumor effect with a combination of these agents for cancer has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to determine if low concentrations of troglitazone with COX-2 inhibitor in combination would cause significant cytotoxicity in glioma cells.
METHODS
The effects of co-treatment with troglitazone and COX-2 inhibitor on cell growth and apoptosis were assessed by use of trypan blue exclusion and a DNA fragmentation assay. A western blot was used to analyze the apoptotic signaling for the expression of bcl-2, bax, PARP and p21 proteins.
RESULTS
A low dose of troglitazone (5micrometer) and COX-2 inhibitor (5micrometer) strongly enhanced the cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in glioma cells when compared to a low dose of each drug alone. Western blotting analysis showed a decreased expression of bcl-2 and PARP proteins. In contrast, the bax protein level was increased.
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of troglitazone and COX-2 inhibitor in a low dose elicits synergistic cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Our study also demonstrates that down regulation of bcl-2, fragmentation of PARP protein and increased expression of bax protein were accompanied by co-treatment with troglitazone and the COX-2 inhibitor.

PPARgamma Ligand-Induced Decrease of in vivo Tumor Growth Accompanied by Increased Cytolytic Activity of Splenocytes.: Kyu Yun Jang, Ki Hoon Yu, Hak Yong Lee, Kyung Ryoul Kim, Ha Na Choi, Eun Jung Cha, Ho Sung Park, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(1):7-14.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Recent studies have proposed the use of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligands as new chemotherapeutic agents for human malignant tumors. However the in vivo mechanism of PPARgamma ligands on cellular toxicity is not clear. Therefore we examined the anti-tumor effects of the PPARgamma ligand, rosiglitazone (ROS), in animal models.
METHODS
To evaluate the effect of RSO on splenocytes, an in vitro and in vivo study was performed. Cytolytic activity was measured by use of a 51Cr release assay. The splenic natural killer (NK) cell population and effector-target conjugation were measured by flow cytometric analysis.
RESULTS
In 9L glioma bearing rats, 30 mg/kg/d of ROS treatment induced a significant decrease of subcutaneous tumor growth accompanied by an increased cytolytic activity of splenocytes and of the splenic NKR-P1bright/CD3- NK cell population. In normal rats, systemic administration of ROS also increased the cytolytic activity of splenocytes, the splenic NK cell population, and effector-target conjugation. Moreover, we found that a concentration of 20micrometer ROS caused an increase in the cytolytic activity of splenocytes, and a concentration of 50micrometer ROS increased effector-target conjugation in vitro.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that increased splenic cytolytic activity and NK cell population may contribute to the anti-tumor effects of PPARgamma ligands in vivo. However, the roles of NK cells in the PPARgamma ligand-induced anti-tumor activity should be further investigated.

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Related Protein in Gallbladder Cancer: An Association with p53 Mutation.: Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Kyung Ryoul Kim, Hak Yong Lee, Andrzej S Tarnawski, Adhip P N Majumdar, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Woo Sung Moon; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):385-390.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
It has been well demonstrated that the overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with numerous gastrointestinal malignancies, including gallbladder carcinoma. However, the cellular events that regulate EGFR in cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. A novel negative regulator of EGFR that is referred to as EGFR related protein (ERRP) has recently been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and localization of ERRP in gallbladder carcinoma and to examine a possible role for ERRP.
METHODS
We examined the immunohistochemical expressions of ERRP, p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index (PCNA-LI) in formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded specimens of 43 cases of gallbladder carcinoma, 7 cases of adenoma and 3 cases of dysplasia.
RESULTS
In the normal mucosa, ERRP immunoreactivity was positive in over 64% of specimens. In contrast, the ERRP staining was positive in only 46% of the cancer specimens. The expression of ERRP in cancer cells was inversely correlated with tumor cell proliferation. The loss of ERRP expression correlated with the p53 overexpression.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that the down-regulation or loss of ERRP could play an important role in the progression of gallbladder carcinoma. The inverse relationship between the ERRP expression and PCNA-LI suggests that ERRP may play a role in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation in gallbladder cancer.

Thrombospondin-1 and -2 Expressions in Hepatocellular Carcinomas: an Association with Tumor Angiogenesis and p53 Overexpression.: Jae Sin Chung, Ho Sung Park, Hyun Jin Son, Myoung Jae Kang, Woo Sung Moon; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(4):215-221.

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Abstract PDF: Background
: It has been suggested that thrombospondin (TSP) is a p53-dependent negative regulator of tumor angiogenesis. TSP expression and localization in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and its association with overexpression of p53 protein were investigated. Methods : TSP-1 and -2 expressions were examined in 40 HCC specimens by immunohistochemical staining and in 4 HCC cell lines by Western blotting. In addition, p53 protein expression and microvessel density (MVD) were correlated with the TSP expression. Results : Strong immu- nopositivity for TSP-1 was observed in fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and some vas- cular smooth muscle cells of the stroma in 18 cases (45%), and in tumor cells in 3 cases (7.5%) of 40 cases of HCC. Immunoreactivity for TSP-2 was observed in only the sinusoidal lining cells of the tumor in 15 cases (46%), and in tumor cells in 2 cases (6%) of 32 cases of HCC. TSP-1 expression was inversely correlated with MVD (p=0.028), but TSP-2 expression did not show any correlation with MVD. Although p53 was overexpressed in 17 cases, there was no significant correlation between TSP and p53 expressions. None of the HCC cell lines expressed TSP-1 or -2. Conclusions : These findings indicate that TSP-1 is mainly derived from nonparenchymal cells, and may decrease tumor angiogenesis in HCC.

Cutaneous Bronchogenic Cyst Over the Sternum: A Case Report.: Ho Sung Park, Hyun Jin Son, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(5):333-336.

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Abstract PDF: Bronchogenic cyst is usually an extrapulmonary cyst formed as the result of an accessory lung bud from the foregut that becomes isolated from the rest of the tracheobronchial tree producing a usually solitary cyst. Most bronchogenic cysts are in the mediastinum with rare occurrence on the subcutaneous tissue over the sternum. We report a case of cutaneous bronchogenic cyst that occurred in the skin over the sternum in a 13-month-old boy. On ultrasonography, a well circumscribed non-echogenic cystic mass was observed measuring 1.5x1.3 cm. Histologically, the cyst was lined by cilicated, pseudostratified, columnar epithelium with interspersed goblet cells, and there were bundles of smooth muscle fibers, mucous glands, and lymphoid aggregates in the cyst wall.

Rarity of EGFR and c-ErbB-2 Overexpressions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study.: Woo Sung Moon, Hyun Jin Son, Ho Sung Park, Min Young Park; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(4):244-248.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-2 oncogenes has been implicated in the development of many types of cancer. However, the role of EGFR and c-erbB-2 overexpression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been fully elucidated.
METHODS
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in a series of 52 HCCs.
RESULTS
All but one of the HCC tumor tissues were negative for EGFR monoclonal antibody, clone H11. All of the HCC tumor tissue samples were negative for EGFR monoclonal antibody, clone 29.1.1. However, strong EGFR immunoreactivity was detected in sinusoidal endothelial cells of HCC in 25 tumors (48%) using EGFR 29.1.1 antibody. The expression of c-erbB-2 was observed in 6% (3/52) of the HCCs. No significant correlation was found between p53 mutation and the expression of c-erbB-2.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that both EGFR and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpressions in tumor cells are rare and do not seem to predominantly contribute to the malignant phenotype in HCC.

Lymph Node Infarction After Fine-Needle Aspiration.: Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(3):204-207.

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Abstract PDF: Histologic alterations of lymph nodes following fine-needle aspiration have not been well described. Only two cases of lymph node infarction following fine-needle aspiration have currently been reported. We report here on a case of near total infarction of a lymph node that was detected 16 days after fine-needle aspiration in a 74-year old man. A fine-needle aspiration smear of the right inguinal lymph node showed scattered and clustered cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils that were seen as a reactive nodal hyperplasia in the clean background. There were no malignant cells, granulomas or necrotic debris. In the incisional biopsy of the same lymph node, the sections revealed a thin rim of viable lymphocytes, granular tissue was noted peripherally and extensive necrosis associated with vascular thrombi was noted centrally. There was no evidence of malignancy or granulomatous inflammation.

Intraocular Ossification: A Case Report.: Ho Sung Park, Tae Shik Kong, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(3):188-190.

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Abstract PDF: Heterotopic bone formation in the eyeball is a rare finding. Some etiologic factors, such as trauma, chronic inflammation, and long-standing retinal detachment have been associated with the onset of intraocular ossification. We report here on a case of a 21-year-old woman with a history of blunt trauma fifteen years ago, who complained of right eye blindness. When the right eyeball eviceration was done, a hard, grayish mass was found. On histopathologic examination, the mass showed lamellar bone with fatty marrow and hyalinized tissue with dystrophic calcification. We diagnosed her case as intraocular ossification.

Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A Case Report.: Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Myoung Ja Chung, Dong Geun Lee, Myoung Jae Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2003;37(3):218-220.

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Abstract PDF: Most cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary are associated with mature teratoma or Brenner tumor, and a few cases are related to endometriosis of the ovary. But a few cases of ovarian primary squamous cell carcinoma have occurred without clear associated etiology. Although some of them are concurred with cervical carcinoma in situ, they have not shown clear associations with the ovarian primary squamous cell carcinoma. We report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary appearing in pure form. A left ovarian mass was detected in a 43-year-old woman. A total hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy with regional lymph node dissection were performed. Histologically, the tumor was predominantly composed of polygonal tumor cells with keratinization and intercellular bridge, dyskeratotic cells, necrotic cell debris, and inflammatory cells. Also, metastasis to paraaortic lymph node was detected.

Gastric Collision Tumor (Adenocarcinoma and Neuro-endocrine Carcinoma): A Report of Two Cases.: Ho Sung Park, Ja Myoung Chung, Woo Sung Moon, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(1):76-79.

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Abstract PDF: Concurrence of adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract has rarely been observed. We report two cases of gastric collision tumors (adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma) that developed in a 64-year-old man and a 71-year-old man. In both cases, there was a single ulcerative lesion in the stomach. Histologically, the gastric lesions were composed of two discrete lesions: tubular adenocarcinoma at the edge of an ulcer and neuroendocrine carcinoma in the ulcer base. We will discuss collision and composite tumors.

Multiple Plexiform Schwannomas Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A case report.: Ho Sung Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee, Byung Cook Ahn; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(5):389-392.

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Abstract PDF: Plexiform schwannoma is a rare benign tumor arising from the peripheral nerve sheath and characterized by a multinodular and plexiform growth pattern. This tumor usually arises sporadically. In rare cases, plexiform schwannomas have been associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. Plexiform schwannoma should be differentiated from plexiform neurofibroma, because the latter is pathognomonic tumor of neurofibromatosis type 1 and has a potential of malignant transformation. We report a case of multiple plexiform schwannomas associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas and meningioma.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Pilomatrixoma: A Report of Five Cases.: Ho Sung Park, Myoung Ja Chung, Myoung Jae Kang, Dong Geun Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 2000;11(1):53-58.

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Abstract PDF: Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor which usually occur as a solitary, firm nodule in the head and neck, and upper extremities of young people. This tumor is occasionally encountered during aspiration biopsy of subcutaneous masses, but only a small number of cases are correctly diagnosed prior to excision. We report five cases of pilomatrixoma. Four cases occurred in the neck and one case in the back. The characteristic fine needle aspiration cytologic features are shadow cells and basaloid cells in the background of inflammatory cells, including some multinucleated giant cells. The shadow cells were recognized in all five cases. These cells were pale, anucleated cells with relatively distinct cell borders. May-Gr nbald-Giemsa stain is useful for the identification of shadow cells. The recognition of shadow cells appears to be essential for accurate diagnosis of pilomatrixoma.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma, Lymphoepithelioid Cell Type: Report of A Case Mimicking Tuberculous Lymphadenitis .: Ho Sung Park, Jong Myung Hong, Myoung Ja Chung, Woo Sung Moon; Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(2):185-189.

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Abstract PDF: The diagnosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma is difficult due to the varying size and shape of the neoplastic lymphoid cells and the frequent admixture of nonneoplastic mature lymphyocytes, histiocytes, eosinophils, and plasma cells. We report a case of peripheral T cell lymphoma, lymphoepithelioid cell type, which was difficult to differentiate from tuberculous lymphadenitis due to the aggregates of epithelioid histiocytes mimicking granuloma and the past history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the inguinal lymph node in a 63-year-old male was characterized by hypercellular aspirates composed of a mixture of small and intermediate-size lymphoid cells and large lymphoid cells with background of confluent epithelioid histiocytes. The neoplastic lymphocytes demonstrated significant nuclear irregularity with protrusion and indentations of the nuclear membrane, prominent nucleoli, and frequent mitotic figures. The diagnosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical studies.

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